herrera family drug cartelherrera family drug cartel

El Chapo isn't the biggest and the richest drug kingpin of all time by a long shot. Violence between both cartels subsequently began to dry down, despite the Cali cartel attempting to assassinate Escobar a few times. The violence between both cartels persisted after Escobar surrendered to the Colombian government in 1991 and was imprisoned in his private prison. "With the monthly production he had, he was a strong generator of money for the organisation," he added. 2. No defendants have been acquitted. "They were targeted, and this was a message being sent," he continued. We encourage readers to copy and distribute our work for non-commercial purposes, with attribution to InSight Crime in the byline and links to the original at both the top and bottom of the article. Herrera also ran one of the "most sophisticated and profitable money laundering operations", according to the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Bakhmut attacks still being repelled, says Ukraine, AOC under investigation for Met Gala dress, Mother who killed her five children euthanised, Canadian grandma helps police snag phone scammer, Zoom boss Greg Tomb fired without cause, The children left behind in Cuba's exodus. Francisco Hlmer Herrera Buitrago also known as "Pacho" and "H7", (August 24, 1951 - November 6, 1998) was a Colombian drug trafficker, fourth in command in the Cali Cartel, and believed to be the . The Herrera organization is now estimated to have 3,000 to 5,000 members, a significant portion of whom are naturalized American citizens and illegal aliens residing in this country. Fictional? The property was seized under provisions of the 1984 Comprehensive Crime Control Act, which allows the government to use civil courts to obtain forfeiture of property allegedly used in drug transactions. . 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. From 2011 to 2014, Parra-Pedroza personally managed the movement of more than $100 million in drug proceeds from the U.S. to cartel members in Mexico who controlled the drug trade on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. In 2001, alone, his organization moved approximately 12 metric tons of cocaine, and may have the ability to smuggle as much as 2 tons of cocaine into the United States each month. Orlando Henao Montoya, acting under Gerda's orders, spoke to Amado and agreed to be his chief cocaine supplier after the exit of the Cali cartel. He introduced Pablo's bankers, accountants and smugglers to Pacho, and all agreed to switch over to the Cali cartel. A 16-year-old mother was fatally shot, alongside her son and other members of her family, in Goshen, California, on Monday. And this was known to then US Attorney General Edward Meese in 1987 one year prior to Carlos . It is based in Culiacn, Sinaloa state, Mexico. Tijuana drug cartel. Pacho jokingly suggested to turn Judy over to Pablo, and dump her in the same ditch as Pablo. However, the cartel's other partners mocked him for his sexuality, and insisted that he be removed from the cartel. In 1990, Herrera met with high-ranking members of the Medelln cartel, including Pablo Escobar and his cousin Gustavo Gaviria. Call 1-866-DHS-2-ICE to report suspicious activityReport Crime, Learn facts about U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Herrera and Flix agreed to meet in Panama. Affiliation In 1988, Herrera found out that Flix created an alliance with Juan Nepomuceno Guerra, the leader of the Gulf cartel, in order to force Herrera to the negotiating table again. When people think of cartel leaders, they imagine infamous figures like Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman and Pablo Escobar. In . The border shutdown increased drug seizures, and prevented the flow of money back to Colombia, making the Cali cartel unable to pay the Mexican traffickers. Legal Statement. Market data provided by Factset. In 1992, Herrera met with two high ranking lieutenants of Escobar; Gerardo 'Kiko' Moncada and Fernando 'Wolfman' Galeano to settle their disputes. We want to sustain Latin Americas largest organized crime database, but in order to do so, we need resources. Herrera Garca's trafficking organization is very violent known to have murdered suspected informants, including one who sustained 18 gunshot wounds.[1]. This was a slaughter massacre of an entire family. Older family members process opium and morphine base, younger members handle the drug sales and shipments in Mexico and in the United States. In Mexico, Amado unsuccessfully tried numerous times to convince Pacho to reconsider the surrender deal, as he felt that the newly signed NAFTA between the United States and Mexico would be immensely helpful for the drug trafficking business. It is believed that Herrera hired guerrilla forces such as Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (English: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) (FARC) and then guerrilla group 19th of April Movement (Spanish: Movimiento 19 de Abril, M-19), to guard remote lab sites. linus pauling vitamin c, lysine protocol. Loosely based on Mexico's once most powerful drug cartel leader, this journey into the drug underworld cuts to the bone and through the heart. [5], The Herrera operation, according to the DEA, involved importing cocaine base from Peru and Bolivia, which would be trafficked via his own transportation to conversion laboratories in Colombia. Hlmer Herrera was born on August 24, 1951 in Palmira. This week, InSight Crimes Co-director Jeremy McDermott was interviewed by the Associated Press on developments in Haiti as the country continues its prolonged collapse. By He has been linked to Guatemalan businessman and political broker Gustavo Herrera (not related), who allegedly helped Otto Herrera's organization move and store drug shipments. Herrera was personally responsible for laundering or attempting to launder at least $1.07 million in proceeds from the sale of cartel narcotics. 4. Murdaugh is heckled as he leaves court, Ken Bruce finishes his 30-year tenure as host of BBC Radio 2, Moment teenager crashes into back of lorry after 100mph police race, Alex Murdaugh unanimously found GUILTY of murder of wife and son, Isabel Oakeshott clashes with Nick Robinson over Hancock texts, Family of a 10-month-old baby filmed vaping open up, Ukrainian soldier takes out five tanks with Javelin missiles. The 67-year-old, whose life is portrayed in Narcos: Mexico, co-founded the now defunct Guadalajara Cartel, for whom El Chapo once worked before splitting off. The following agencies also provided substantial assistance to this investigation: U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Cook County (Illinois) Sheriffs Office, DuPage County (Illinois) Sheriffs Office, Chicago Police Department, Buffalo Grove (Illinois) Police Department, Joliet (Illinois) Metropolitan Area Narcotics Squad, and the U.S. Two suspects are on the loose in the killings, officials said.S. The US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) refused to comment on Herrera's case to InSight Crime when consulted in an interview about Guatemalan crime dynamics last March. Last Narcotics Rewards Program: Otto Roberto Herrera-Garcia, Video shows 53 inmates escaping Mexican prison, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Roberto_Herrera_Garca&oldid=1106105275, This page was last edited on 23 August 2022, at 06:46. KINGDOM CONS by Yuri Herrera. CHICAGO A former Chicago resident, who laundered illegal drug proceeds on behalf of two cartels in Mexico, was sentenced Wednesday to five years in federal prison. She met with Gilberto and Miguel at Pacho's ranch, and offered the location of Escobar's labs in exchange for the Cali cartel manpower. He would later open up trafficking routes for the Cali Cartel through Mexico, with connections he had previously established. Episode 5: What's it like to be a special agent with HSI? He also signed similar deals with Flix's other major partners, including Carrillo Fuentes, resulting in the break-up of the Guadalajara cartel, and Flix's arrest in 1989. In order to keep his organization relevant, Flix told him that he wanted to smuggle 70 tons of cocaine in one go. The identified criminal organizations are: Jalisco New Generation Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel, gulf cartel Beltran Leva Cartel, Zetas Northeast Cartel, Knights Templar, Los Viagra, michoacan family red, Arellano Felix Cartel and the Juarez Cartel. As part of their deal, Amado gave away the location of Pacho's hideout in Mexico. He is alleged to have close links to Mexico's most-wanted drug trafficker, the fugitive Sinaloa cartel leader Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman. But with the sentencing Thursday of 15 members of the family organization to terms ranging from probation to 18 years in prison, law-enforcement officials believe they have dealt a blow to the multimillion-dollar narcotics smuggling ring headquartered in Chicago. Disputes over territory between cartels have been identified as the main cause of violence in the . Federal prosecutors Cannella Henrichs and Barry R. Elden urged lengthy prison terms for the defendants, describing the organization as a business that imported millions of dollars worth of cocaine, heroin and marijuana in the last decade. August 24, 1951Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia Caro Quintero, who is known as the 'Narco of Narcos,' and the two other cartel leaders, Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo and Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo,kidnapped the 37-year-old Camarena in broad daylight on February 7, 1985. Adela Herrera, Jesus` wife, who pleaded guilty, was placed on probation. This resulted in Gaviria order the La Catedral siege, which ended with Escobar escaping the prison and returning to Medellin as a wanted fugitive. Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, Why Trudeau is facing calls for a public inquiry, The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter', Why half of India's urban women stay at home. His father, Genaro Payn, was an operative of the Sinaloa Cartel and was arrested by Mexican security forces in 2015. According to the US Department of State (DOS), he was responsible for transporting more than 18 tons of cocaine up through Central America and Mexico into the US beginning in 1998. With the last of Escobar's labs destroyed in mid-1993, the Cali cartel decide to take over Medelln. Uribe was caught by other inmates and then taken away by the prison guards, while Herrera was moved to a hospital where he died. Miguel, who decided to scrap the surrender deal planned by Gilberto, gave Pacho the location of the Salazar family's ranch in exchange for his support against Gilberto. This decision was shocking to many, including Claudio Salazar, the son of Gerda Salazar, one of the co-founders of the Norte del Valle cartel. 12. Name. Upon Flix . With the death of Pablo Escobar in the second season of Netflix's Narcos , the show had to look for a new set of characters to fill out the series. Directors: Jack Lucarelli, Troy Price | Stars . The report, published by Central American magazine Expediente Pblico, details how Mauricio Oliva Herrera, president of the National Congress, allegedly acquired a series of properties in Tegucigalpa from a business associate at Inversiones Acrpolis, a company linked to a notorious Honduran drug trafficking family known as the Cachiros. Escobar learnt from Valeria that the Ochoa brothers had several meetings with Herrera in Cali, in retaliation for Gustavo's murder, Escobar sent his hitmen Poison and Lizard to assassinate Pacho while he was playing a game of football in Cali. Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux joined 'America's Newsroom' to discuss new details emerging within the investigation into an 'execution-style' massacre of an entire California family. In response, the cartel leaders Gilberto Rodrguez Orejuela, Miguel Rodrguez Orejuela and Jos Santacruz Londoo decided to make Herrera a leading partner. An official website of the United States government. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. Legal Statement. Herrera later obtained photos of the La Dispensaria raid in which several civilians, along with Poison and Lizard were killed by the Search Bloc. Narcos Members of an entire family were slain in Goshen, California, early Monday, with the victims ranging in age from 10 months to 72 years old. [7][8] The attack was attributed to the Medellin cartel, and particularly to Pablo Escobar, who apparently blamed Herrera for a car bomb which exploded on January 13, 1988, in the Monaco apartment building owned by Escobar in one of the most affluent areas in the city of Medelln. While Chepe immediately surrendered, Pacho decided to attack the Salazar family. The show, in both seasons 1 and 2 . After dancing with his lover, Pacho smashed Claudio's head with the wine bottle, and tied him up to two motorcycles accelerating in the opposite directions, splitting his body in half. 3 (Narcos) 3(Narcos: Mexico) Get information about how to check in with your local ICE Office here. Herrera has proved a slippery figure: in 2004, he was captured in Mexico, but while the United States was busy developing an extradition request, Herrera quietly snuck out of jail disguised as a policeman, after paying off prison staff. Murphy stood his ground, and declined, and warned that after the DEA were done with Escobar, the Cali cartel would be their next target, and walked away. [4] Herrera was soon promoted to Cali cartel kingpin and given control over Jamund in the south of the Valle, and Palmira and Yumbo in the north and east of the Valle. Full name [7] Another attempt on Herrera's life was made on July 27, 1991, in a summer resort: hooded gunmen wearing pink bracelets shot at the people in the place, killing 17 and hurting 13 others. He lost his self-confidence for years after that incident. MIAMI The official end of the notorious Cali cocaine cartel came in 2006 in Miami with little more than the rap of a judge's gavel. Pacho and his brother lvaro Herrera traveled to Jurez, where they were greeted by Amado. harbor freight pay rate california greene prairie press police beat greene prairie press police beat "It is a powerful blow because Jaime Herrera was one of the main producers of methamphetamine, or ice," Federal Police anti-drug chief Ramon Pequeno said. Cooperation deals are common for extradited drug traffickers, and if this is indeed what happened, Herrera is likely just one of many Guatemalan traffickers who will follow this path. Mexican officials say they've arrested a man who manufactured methamphetamine for the Sinaloa drug cartel run by Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman. In the late 1970s, the illegal cocaine trade became a major moneymaking opportunity throughout the world. Published: Feb. 28, 2023 at 4:58 PM PST. He used his good looks to his advantage by charming women like Valeria Velez. The amount of cooperation between HSI and our state, federal and international partners is invaluable to halting the deadly actions of complex drug trafficking organizations., Immigration Authority Delegation Program 287(g). A total of 47 properties were seized, as was $1.5 million in cash, 1,000 pounds of marijuana, nearly 40 pounds of cocaine and nearly 20 pounds of heroin. The site is secure. Read about our approach to external linking. Assassins murders member of El Chapo's old Sinaloa Cartel, alongside his wife and two children, aged 2 and 12, in revenge killing for death of fellow gangster. Herrera was later approached by Benjamn Arellano Flix, one of Flix's partners who wanted to break away from the cartel. With help from the Los Priscos gang, Escobar succeeded in killing Mendoza. In the early 1980s, Miguel ngel Flix Gallardo, the leader of the Mexican Guadalajara cartel approached the Cali cartel, offering to smuggle cocaine through Mexico instead of the Caribbean. The people who import these narcotics do so for money, and that is exactly what the defendant delivered., The laundering of illegal drug profits is as important and essential to drug traffickers as the very distribution of their illegal drugs, said IRS-CI Acting Special Agent in Charge Sullivan. Gilberto convinced The Lion to betray Escobar, and turn over his Miami operations to the Cali cartel instead. In the meantime, he cultivated strong links with Amado Carrillo Fuentes of the Jurez cartel. Francisco Hlmer Herrera Buitrago also known as "Pacho" and "H7", (August 24, 1951 November 6, 1998) was a Colombian drug trafficker, fourth in command in the Cali Cartel, and believed to be the son of Benjamn Herrera Zuleta. herrera family drug cartelemn meaning medical. By December 1992, Pablo had lost most of his lieutenants and many of his labs were shut down. Herrera joined the Cali cartel in the early 1980s, and immediately rose to become one of the four leaders of the cartel. Co-leader of the Cali Cartel. Pineda Sanchez personally negotiated agreements with drug cartel members in Mexico to launder drug profits in exchange for percentages of the laundered proceeds, keeping the largest percentages for himself and co-defendant Carlos Parra-Pedroza. Police said drugs and weapons were seized when Mr Herrera was arrested. Francisco Hlmer Herrera Buitrago or redistributed. With an estimated net worth of $1 billion, Guzmn is extremely powerfulthere is no doubt why the Sinoloa Cartel won a bloody battle against its former partner, the Juarez Cartel. While in the states he became a jeweller before getting in on the lucrative business of dealing cocaine in New York City. Mario Herrera, 55, from Michoacn, Mexico, and formerly of Chicago, was a member of a Mexico-based conspiracy that laundered more than $100 million in narcotics proceeds on behalf of the Jalisco New Generation and Sinaloa drug cartels. Flix wanted to enter the cocaine retail business, and wanted to be paid in cocaine instead of cash for smuggling for the Cali cartel. They're partners, and this slaughter of a family, an entire family, this wasn't just the killing of a rival gang member or a fellow gang member. Those arrested were among 134 accused by federal grand juries in Illinois and Indiana of taking part in conspiracies to smuggle and distribute heroin, cocaine and marijuana. and probably a stratagem to take attention away from the real masterminds. That means $1.3 billion in 2012 is equivalent to nearly $1.47 billion in 2020. Herrera later had Navegante approach his DEA contacts Javier Pea and Steve Murphy, but the Americans turned down the offer. A notorious Colombian drug lord nicknamed Don Mario was sentenced to 35 years in a U.S. prison, federal prosecutors said Monday. Juan Rios, a drug and money distributor for one of the Herrera customers, was sentenced to 18 years in prison. Gilberto convinced her to reveal the locations of her labs to the Search Bloc, so that the police could kill Escobar's men who were sent to takeover Moncada's plan. The gunman succeeded, and Pacho died on 4 November 1998. The California sheriff investigating the slaughter of an entire family that included a teen mom and baby said the killings are undoubtedly cartel related as officials continue to piece together details from the brutal massacre. Eye colour Daniel Rendon Herrera, a Columbian drug kingpin known as "Don Mario" who admitted to trafficking more than 80 tons of cocaine, pleaded guilty in federal court . Jos Orlando Henao Montoya, a former policeman who became leader of the so-called North Valley Cartel, was born on May 5, 1953, in Cartago, Colombia. Flix eventually succeeded in delivering the 70 tons of cocaine, but then tipped off the DEA about it, resulting in the Sylmar warehouse bust which resulted in the Cali cartel losing about 20 tons of cocaine worth $7 billion. Los Pepes was supported by Javier Pea without authorization, and succeeded in killing many of Escobar's top lieutenants, including Velasco and Jairo. Arial Calibri Wingdings 2 Default Design Mexican Cartels Mexican Cartels Mexican Cartels PowerPoint Presentation Mexican Cartels of Interest Current Cartel Alliances Tijuana Cartel Jalisco Cartel Jalisco Cartel Sinaloa Cartel Sinaloa Cartel Juarez Cartel Juarez Cartel Gulf Cartel Gulf Cartel Gulf Cartel, continued Las Zetas Las Zetas, continued . Spoilers for Ozark season four follow.. Over the first three seasons of Ozark, Marty Byrde (Jason Bateman) and his wife Wendy (Laura Linney) have dealt with a lot of enemies.When you launder money . Criminal charge. Votes: 140,608 | Gross: $12.05M Pacho managed to kill all the attackers, but his brother was severely wounded, resulting in the complete paralysis of his lower body. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. On Tuesday, federal agents seized 31 houses and apartment houses, two gasoline stations, two candy stores, five taverns, two restaurants, two jewelry stores, a flower shop, two mobile homes and so many automobiles at various sites that they could not give the total number. Career Information Herrera stunned Flix by telling him that Guerra wouldn't be joining the meeting as they had already finalized a deal. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration seized more than two tons of the drug in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin in the year that ended Sept. 30 up 50% over the previous 12 months. After the attack, a distraught Gilberto swore revenge against Escobar and told the Los Pepes to intensify their operations. Alvaro Herrera (brother) 0:54. OCDETF is a partnership between federal, state and local law enforcement agencies, whose principal mission is to identify, disrupt and dismantle the most serious drug trafficking and money laundering organizations. Gustavo Magallanes, a Herrera customer, received a 10-year prison term. Read about our approach to external linking. sacramento obituaries 2021; apartments on aldine mail route After being born in Colombia and studying technical maintenance, Herrera got a job in the United States. SEVP is a part of the National Security Investigations Division and acts as a bridge for government organizations that have an interest in information on nonimmigrants whose primary reason for coming to the United States is to be students. A 16-year-old mother was fatally shot, alongside her son and other members of her family, in Goshen, California, on Monday. Mr Herrera, 43 - known as "the Old Man" - is also wanted in . Pacho informed them that there was gossip about their sister Marina involved in an affair with Escobar's cousin and right-hand man Gustavo Gaviria. Browse 508 drug cartel murder stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Uribe himself was assassinated in October 2009.[12]. For media inquiries about ICE activities, operations, or policies, contact the ICE Office of Public Affairs at (202) 732-4646. Over the past few months, the authorities have also seized a record amount of the chemicals used to produce it. The production of methamphetamine is on the rise in Mexico, with huge amounts smuggled into the US. Otto Roberto Herrera Garca is a Guatemalan national and career criminal, best known for turning Guatemala into a corridor for U.S.-bound cocaine. Pacho accepted their request, only after the brothers agreed to allow Jaramillo to use their sister as a bait to kill Gaviria. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. Pacho met with Escobar's mistress Valeria Velez, and he charmed her into unknowingly giving away Escobar's location. In 1975, and 1978, Herrera was arrested on distribution charges in New York City for selling cocaine.[2][3][4]. She pleaded guilty to warning her husband that drug-enforcement agents were following him. [7], Herrera was always said to be the main financial provider for the Los Pepes organization, but his name was never officially associated with them. Camarena's body was found wrapped in plastic and dumped in La Angostura, a city in the state of Michoacn on March 5, 1985. Despite the hostility, both parties agreed to work together against extradition. In addition, records of transactions and personnel were seized from computers, which information later provided a greater look into the Cali Cartel cell structure. Votes: 17,005 Born into Continue reading Who was Pacho. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Luciano Soto-Chavez. U.S. District Judge Andrea R. Wood, Northern District of Illinois, imposed the five-year prison sentence. McDermotts words were republished around the world,, Last week, InSight Crime published an investigation charting the story of Desafo, a 28-year-old Barrio 18 gang member who is desperate to escape gang life. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. An official website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, This sentence sends a resounding message that transnational criminal organizations will be investigated, and their operatives brought to justice, said Special Agent in Charge Gibbons. Kiko's wife Judy Moncada swore revenge against Escobar for murdering her husband, and along with her brother Jaime Mendoza and Escobar's head of security Diego Murillo Bejarano broke away from the Medelln cartel. The United States is offering a $20 million reward for information that would lead to Quintero's arrest. He had a younger brother named Alvaro. He even went as far as suggesting Pacho to betray the brothers and form his own drug cartel, but Pacho refused to do so, saying that his loyalty always lay towards the Rodriguez brothers for accepting him into their organization despite his sexuality. Jesus Herrera ''kept close rein'' on the business and directly supervised 11 people in the operation, staying on the telephone ''constantly and daily organizing drug deals'' through several Mexican drug suppliers as well as numerous customers, the government said. Pablo Escobar was gunned down by the Search Bloc on 3 December 1993, and Pacho, along with the Cali cartel leaders and the Castao brothers held a celebratory party. The people who import these narcotics do so for money, and that is exactly what the defendant delivered." You've successfully subscribed to this newsletter! At the time of the arrests and seizures, drug-enforcement officials said it was the ''biggest drug bust of all time.''. Hlmer Herrera - Wikipedia Gerda Salazar was born in Colombia, and she became the mother of several future Norte del Valle Cartel members. Living in the United States, he also became a jeweler and precious metals broker until he began selling cocaine in New York City. is that Uribe was actually acting under the orders of the Norte del Valle cartel who were angry with Herrera for having released information about them, and who had been eager to take up the business left behind after the capture or death of the Cali cartel leaders. After the fall of Escobar, Herrera led a war against the Cali cartel's former ally, the Norte del Valle cartel. By 1986, the cartel leadership trusted him to independently lead negotiations with other drug cartels, such as the Medelln . He was captured in 1996 and jailed for life in the US. William C. Rempel. Click on sites to see DTO members, surveillance photos and, in some cases, wiretap excerpts. Herrera was among 30 defendants charged as part of the Chicago-based federal investigation dubbed Operation Kings Gold.. Leobardo Herrera, head of the Independent Union of Nissan Mexico Workers, said the union aimed to boost pay beyond inflation - which stood at 7.76% in early February - and came to a deal quickly . In the book, La patrona de Pablo Escobar, written by Colombian journalist Jos Guarnizo, Herrera was described as "an immigrant who went from being an anonymous Latin mechanic to one of the wealthiest members of the Cartel de Cali" and "one of the few homosexuals who climbed high in the pyramid of the Mafia". Earlier this year, Mexico's government shut down an elite police unit that was trained and funded by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration to investigate drug cartels, claiming it . A significant part of this bloodshed is caused by the Tijuana cartel, which is in constant conflict with the Sinaloa cartel. Height Judge Wood in December sentenced Parra-Pedroza to 13 years in federal prison. Using this opportunity, Pacho went to Miami and had Lion initiate his silent coup. However, after Javier Pea revealed the Cali cartel's links with President Ernesto Samper and defense minister Fernando Botero Zea, the ensuing political scandal Proceso 8000 destroyed all hopes for a surrender deal.
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